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The SecOps Group CNSP Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic
Details

Topic 1

• Linux and Windows Security Basics: This section of the exam measures skills of Security Analysts and compares foundational security practices across these two operating systems. It addresses file permissions, user account controls, and basic hardening techniques to reduce the attack surface.

Topic 2

• Social Engineering attacks: This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and addresses the human element of security breaches. It describes common tactics used to manipulate users, emphasizes awareness training, and highlights how social engineering can bypass technical safeguards.

Topic 3

• Network Security Tools and Frameworks (such as Nmap, Wireshark, etc)

Topic 4

• Testing Web Servers and Frameworks: This section of the exam measures skills of Security Analysts and examines how to assess the security of web technologies. It looks at configuration issues, known vulnerabilities, and the impact of unpatched frameworks on the overall security posture.

Topic 5

• Cryptography: This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and focuses on basic encryption and decryption methods used to protect data in transit and at rest. It includes an overview of algorithms, key management, and the role of cryptography in maintaining data confidentiality.

Topic 6

• Common vulnerabilities affecting Windows Services: This section of the exam measures the skills of Network Engineers and focuses on frequently encountered weaknesses in core Windows components. It underscores the need to patch, configure, and monitor services to prevent privilege escalation and unauthorized use.

Topic 7

• TLS Security Basics: This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and outlines the process of securing network communication through encryption. It highlights how TLS ensures data integrity and confidentiality, emphasizing certificate management and secure configurations.

Topic 8

• Active Directory Security Basics: This section of the exam measures the skills of Network Engineers and introduces the fundamental concepts of directory services, highlighting potential security risks and the measures needed to protect identity and access management systems in a Windows environment.

Topic 9

• Open-Source Intelligence Gathering (OSINT): This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and discusses methods for collecting publicly available information on targets. It stresses the legal and ethical aspects of OSINT and its role in developing a thorough understanding of potential threats.

Topic 10

• Basic Malware Analysis: This section of the exam measures the skills of Network Engineers and offers an introduction to identifying malicious software. It covers simple analysis methods for recognizing malware behavior and the importance of containment strategies in preventing widespread infection.

Topic 11

• TCP
• IP (Protocols and Networking Basics): This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and covers the fundamental principles of TCP
• IP, explaining how data moves through different layers of the network. It emphasizes the roles of protocols in enabling communication between devices and sets the foundation for understanding more advanced topics.

Topic 12

• Testing Network Services

Topic 13

• Network Scanning & Fingerprinting: This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and covers techniques for probing and analyzing network hosts to gather details about open ports, operating systems, and potential vulnerabilities. It emphasizes ethical and legal considerations when performing scans.

Topic 14

• Network Architectures, Mapping, and Target Identification: This section of the exam measures the skills of Network Engineers and reviews different network designs, illustrating how to diagram and identify potential targets in a security context. It stresses the importance of accurate network mapping for efficient troubleshooting and defense.

Topic 15

• Password Storage: This section of the exam measures the skills of Network Engineers and addresses safe handling of user credentials. It explains how hashing, salting, and secure storage methods can mitigate risks associated with password disclosure or theft.

 

The SecOps Group Certified Network Security Practitioner Sample Questions (Q48-Q53):

NEW QUESTION # 48
Which command will perform a DNS zone transfer of the domain "victim.com" from the nameserver at 10.0.0.1?

• A. dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com afxr
• B. dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com axfr
• C. dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com arfxr
• D. dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com axrfr

Answer: B

Explanation:
A DNS zone transfer replicates an entire DNS zone (a collection of DNS records for a domain) from a primary nameserver to a secondary one, typically for redundancy or load balancing. The AXFR (Authoritative Full Zone Transfer) query type, defined in RFC 1035, facilitates this process. The dig (Domain Information Groper) tool, a staple in Linux/Unix environments, is used to query DNS servers. The correct syntax is:
dig @<nameserver> <domain> axfr
Here, dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com axfr instructs dig to request a zone transfer for "victim.com" from the nameserver at 10.0.0.1. The @ symbol specifies the target server, overriding the system's default resolver.
Technical Details:
The AXFR query is sent over TCP (port 53), not UDP, due to the potentially large size of zone data, which exceeds UDP's typical 512-byte limit (pre-EDNS0).
Successful execution requires the nameserver to permit zone transfers from the querying IP, often restricted to trusted secondaries via Access Control Lists (ACLs) for security. If restricted, the server responds with a "REFUSED" error.
Security Implications: Zone transfers expose all DNS records (e.g., A, MX, NS), making them a reconnaissance goldmine for attackers if misconfigured. CNSP likely emphasizes securing DNS servers against unauthorized AXFR requests, using tools like dig to test vulnerabilities.
Why other options are incorrect:
A . dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com axrfr: "axrfr" is a typographical error. The correct query type is "axfr." Executing this would result in a syntax error or an unrecognized query type response from dig.
B . dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com afxr: "afxr" is another typo, not a valid DNS query type per RFC 1035. dig would fail to interpret this, likely outputting an error like "unknown query type." C . dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com arfxr: "arfxr" is also invalid, a jumbled version of "axfr." It holds no meaning in DNS protocol standards and would fail similarly.
Real-World Context: Penetration testers use dig ... axfr to identify misconfigured DNS servers. For example, dig @ns1.example.com example.com axfr might reveal subdomains or internal IPs if not locked down.

 

NEW QUESTION # 49
What is the response from an open UDP port which is behind a firewall (port is open on the firewall)?

• A. A SYN Packet
• B. ICMP message showing Port Unreachable
• C. A FIN Packet
• D. No response

Answer: D

Explanation:
UDP (User Datagram Protocol), per RFC 768, is connectionless, lacking TCP's handshake or acknowledgment mechanisms. When a UDP packet reaches a port:
Closed Port: The host typically sends an ICMP "Destination Port Unreachable" (Type 3, Code 3) unless suppressed (e.g., by firewall or OS settings).
Open Port: If a service is listening (e.g., DNS on 53/UDP), it processes the packet but doesn't inherently reply unless the application protocol requires it (e.g., DNS sends a response).
Scenario: An open UDP port behind a firewall, with the firewall rule allowing traffic (e.g., permit udp any host 10.0.0.1 eq 123). The packet reaches the service, but UDP itself doesn't mandate a response. Most services (e.g., NTP, SNMP) only reply if the packet matches an expected request. In this question's generic context (no specific service), no response is the default, as the firewall permits the packet, and the open port silently accepts it without feedback.
Security Implications: This silence makes UDP ports harder to scan (e.g., Nmap assumes "open|filtered" for no response), but exposed open ports risk amplification attacks (e.g., DNS reflection). CNSP likely contrasts UDP's behavior with TCP for firewall rule crafting.
Why other options are incorrect:
A . ICMP message showing Port Unreachable: Occurs for closed ports, not open ones, unless the service explicitly rejects the packet (rare).
C . A SYN Packet: SYN is TCP-specific (handshake initiation), irrelevant to UDP.
D . A FIN Packet: FIN is TCP-specific (connection closure), not UDP.
Real-World Context: Testing UDP 53 (DNS) with dig @8.8.8.8 +udp yields a response, but generic UDP probes (e.g., nc -u) often get silence.

 

NEW QUESTION # 50
Where are the password hashes stored in a Microsoft Windows 64-bit system?

• A. C:System64configSAM
• B. C:WindowsSystem32configSAM
• C. C:WindowsSystem64configSAM
• D. C:WindowsconfigSystem32SAM

Answer: B

Explanation:
Windows stores password hashes in the SAM (Security Account Manager) file, with a consistent location across 32-bit and 64-bit systems.
Why B is correct: The SAM file resides at C:WindowsSystem32configSAM, locked during system operation for security. CNSP notes this for credential extraction risks.
Why other options are incorrect:
A: System64 does not exist; System32 is used even on 64-bit systems.
C: C:System64 is invalid; the path starts with Windows.
D: configSystem32 reverses the correct directory structure.

 

NEW QUESTION # 51
What is the response from a closed UDP port which is not behind a firewall?

• A. No response
• B. A RST packet
• C. None of the above
• D. ICMP message showing Destination Unreachable

Answer: D

Explanation:
UDP is a connectionless protocol, and its behavior when a packet reaches a port depends on whether the port is open or closed. Without a firewall altering the response, the standard protocol applies.
Why A is correct: When a UDP packet is sent to a closed port, the host typically responds with an ICMP Type 3 (Destination Unreachable), Code 3 (Port Unreachable) message, indicating no service is listening. CNSP notes this as a key indicator in port scanning.
Why other options are incorrect:
B: RST packets are TCP-specific, not used in UDP.
C: No response occurs for open UDP ports unless an application replies, not closed ports.
D: A is correct, so "none of the above" is invalid.

 

NEW QUESTION # 52
What is the response from a closed TCP port which is behind a firewall?

• A. A SYN and an ACK packet
• B. A FIN and an ACK packet
• C. No response
• D. RST and an ACK packet

Answer: C

Explanation:
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) uses a three-way handshake (SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK) to establish connections, as per RFC 793. When a client sends a SYN packet to a port:
Open Port: The server responds with SYN-ACK.
Closed Port (no firewall): The server sends an RST (Reset) packet, often with ACK, to terminate the attempt immediately.
However, when a firewall is present, its configuration dictates the response. Modern firewalls typically operate in stealth mode, using a "drop" rule for closed ports rather than a "reject" rule:
Drop: Silently discards the packet without replying, resulting in no response. The client experiences a timeout (e.g., 30 seconds), as no feedback is provided.
Reject: Sends an RST or ICMP "Port Unreachable," but this is less common for security reasons, as it confirms the firewall's presence.
For a closed TCP port behind a firewall, "no response" (drop) is the standard behavior in secure configurations, minimizing information leakage to attackers. This aligns with CNSP's focus on firewall best practices to obscure network topology during port scanning (e.g., with Nmap).
Why other options are incorrect:
A . A FIN and an ACK packet: FIN-ACK is used to close an established TCP connection gracefully (e.g., after data transfer), not to respond to an initial SYN on a closed port.
B . RST and an ACK packet: RST-ACK is the host's response to a closed port without a firewall. A firewall's drop rule overrides this by silently discarding the packet.
C . A SYN and an ACK packet: SYN-ACK indicates an open port accepting a connection, the opposite of a closed port scenario.
Real-World Context: Tools like Nmap interpret "no response" as "filtered" (firewall likely present) vs. "closed" (RST received), aiding in firewall detection.

 

NEW QUESTION # 53
......

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